ABSTRACT Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is an ornamental and medicinal plant that has edible flowers. Drought and salt stress decrease flower production and quality, including affecting sugar metabolism and ethylene production. Ethylene can accelerate the nasturtium senescence process, decreasing its postharvest quality. The use of polyamines, mainly spermine, may be a strategy for reducing the harmful effects of these stresses on the metabolism of sugars and phenolic compounds and for decreasing the production of ethylene, which accelerates senescence, in nasturtium flowers. Therefore, the objective here was to evaluate the role of spermine application on sugar and phenolic compounds and on ethylene production in nasturtium flowers grown under drought and salt stress. Two experiments were performed in isolation and at the same time in order to achieve this. Spermine down-regulated ethylene production and up-regulated the content of sugars and phenolic compounds on nasturtium flowers grown under drought and saline stress. Sugars and phenolic compounds down-regulated ethylene production in nasturtium flowers. Spermine can be used to mitigate the harmful effects of drought and salt stress on nasturtium flowers by increasing sugar and phenolic compounds and decreasing ethylene production. Tropaeolum majus quality process polyamines Therefore this downregulated down regulated upregulated up

Abstract The banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, but it has little shelf life due to its high water activity. Drying is able to increase shelf life and pre-treatments can optimize the process. The objective was to study the solar drying kinetics and evaluate the effect of pre-treatments on the drying kinetics and physico-chemical quality of 'Prata' bananas. The drying was carried out in a solar dryer and the pre-treatments consisted of immersing the samples in solutions of water, citric acid (1%) and lemon juice (10%). Water loss, drying kinetics, mathematical models and physical-chemical and colorimetric characteristics of fresh and dried bananas were evaluated. The drying rate was higher at the beginning and stabilized after 20 hours. The mathematical model of Midilli and Kucuk was the one that best fit the experimental data. The water content, ascorbic acid and the parameters L *, b *, C * and h ° reduced after drying. Reducing sugars and a * coordinate increased and the acidity was not changed with drying. The solar drying of 'Prata' bananas is a sustainable and economical way to make a product available with a longer shelf life.

RESUMO: As batatas destinadas ao processamento industrial devem ter alto teor de matéria seca, baixo teor de açúcar e estar livre de danos ou doenças. O objetivo foi determinar a temperatura e o período de armazenamento ideais para cultivares comerciais para fritura. Os tubérculos das cultivares Asterix e Cronos foram armazenados em caixas de plástico a 6 e 8 °C com umidade de 85 a 95% por 180 dias. As perdas de massa acumulada (PMA), sólidos insolúveis em álcool (SIA), açúcares solúveis totais (AST), açúcares não redutores (ANR), açúcares redutores (AR), atividade de polifenoloxidase (PPO) e escurecimento enzimático e não enzimático foram analisadas. A PMA de tubérculos da cultivar Asterix a 6 e 8 ºC e a da cultivar Cronos, armazenadas a 6 °C foram maiores. Os teores de SIA foram menores e os de AST, AR e ANR maiores nos tubérculos de ambas as cultivares armazenadas a 6 ºC. A temperatura e o período de armazenamento não afetaram as cultivares Cronos e Asterix. O escurecimento foi maior nos palitos fritos das cultivares Asterix e Cronos armazenados a 6 ºC (4 a 5) por 60 e 90 dias e a 8 °C (2 a 3) por 180 dias, respectivamente. O período ideal de temperatura e armazenamento para as cultivares Asterix e Cronos é de 8 ºC por, no máximo, 120 dias devido ao escurecimento não enzimático.

ABSTRACT: Potatoes for industrial processing must have high dry matter, low sugar and free from damage or disease. The objective was to determine the ideal temperature and storage period of commercial cultivars for frying. Tubers of Asterix and Cronos cultivars were stored in a cold chamber (Gallant CMC4 Premium) inside plastic boxes at 6 and 8 °C with 85 to 95% humidity for 180 days. Accumulated mass loss (PMA), alcohol insoluble solids (SIA), total soluble sugars (AST), non-reducing sugars (ANR), reducing sugars (AR), polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO) and enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning were analyzed. The PMA of Asterix at 6 and 8 ºC and Cronos at 6 °C was higher. The SIA of both cultivars stored at 6 ºC were lower and AST, AR and ANR higher. Those parameters of Cronos and Asterix did not differ between temperature or storage period. The browning was greater in the fried sticks of Asterix and Cronos stored at 6 ºC (4 to 5) for 60 and 90 days and at 8 °C (2 to 3) for 180 days, respectively. The ideal temperature and storage period for Asterix and Cronos cultivars is 8 ºC for a maximum of 120 days due to non-enzymatic browning.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar uso de extrato à base de folhas e de frutos do nim (Azadirachta indica Juss) como recobrimento na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita do mamão Formosa. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, no qual o primeiro fator constou dos tipos de recobrimentos a base de folhas e frutos do nim (controle TC, extrato das folhas a 5% - T1, extrato das folhas a 10% - T2, extrato dos frutos a 5% - T3 e extrato dos frutos a 10% - T4) e o segundo fator dos tempos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias) a temperatura média de 30,4 ºC e UR de 42%, com 3 repetições de 2 frutos por parcela. A cada tempo de armazenamento foram avaliadas perda de massa, aparência externa, firmeza da polpa, teor de acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, percentual de fungos na superfície dos frutos e identificação de espécies de fungos. O extrato das folhas e dos frutos de nim a 5% apresentaram os melhores resultados por manter a qualidade externa dos frutos, além de controlar o crescimento dos fungos fitopatogênicos. Com base na aparência externa, os frutos de mamão tratados com extratos das folhas e dos frutos do nim a 5% tiveram vida útil de 12 dias. Os frutos recobertos com extratos das folhas e dos frutos a 10% apresentaram vida útil de 9 dias.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the use of extracts of leaves and fruits of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) as coating for papaya Formosa fruits aiming to maintain their quality during post-harvest storage. A completely randomized experimental design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement was used, with 3 replications of 2 papaya fruits per plot. The treatments consisted of five coatings with extracts of neem leaves and fruits (leaf extracts at 5 and 10%, fruit extracts at 5 and 10% and a control treatment without coating) and five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) under mean temperature of 30.4 °C and relative humidity of 42%. The fruit weight loss, external appearance, pulp firmness, titratable acidity and soluble solids were evaluated, and the fungi species on the fruit surface of each storage were identified and quantified. The treatments with extract of neem leaves and fruits at 5% had papaya fruits with best external quality and provided best control of growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Regarding external appearance, papaya fruits coated with extracts of neem leaves and fruits at 5% had a shelf life of 12 days, while those coated with extracts at 10% had a shelf life of 9 days.

Resumo O feijão-caupi tem grande importância econômica, alimentar e social. No Nordeste brasileiro, notadamente nas regiões semiáridas, sua produção é limitada pelo déficit hídrico, sendo necessário identificar genótipos tolerantes atrelados ao uso de tecnologias em seu cultivo. Com isto, objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento de fitomassa e as trocas gasosas de genótipos de feijão-caupi cultivados em diferentes técnicas de conservação de água. O experimento foi realizado em campo, no município de Pombal, na Paraíba, estudando-se quatro técnicas de retenção de água in situ (camalhão, sulco, bacia e sistema convencional) e seis genótipos de feijão-caupi (1. Costela de Vaca, 2. BRS Itaim, 3. BRS Guariba, 4. BR-17 Gurguéia, 5. BRS Potengi e 6. BRS Aracé) semeados no espaçamento de 0,5 m x 0,5 m, usando o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os dados das estimativas do rendimento de fitomassa seca e das trocas gasosas das plantas foram submetidos à análise de variância, ao teste F, seguido de testes de comparação de médias, teste de Tukey. O cultivo em sulcos e em camalhão deram melhor resultados do que o sistema convencional de plantio e em bacia. As variedades BRS - Potengi, BRS - Aracé e BRS - Guariba tiveram melhor crescimento e trocas gasosas das plantas.

Abstract The cowpea bean has great economic, nutritive and social importance. In the Northeast, especially in semi-arid regions, cowpea production is limited due to a lack of water, making it necessary to identify tolerant genotypes and cultivation technologies. This study therefore aimed to analyze the dry matter yield and the gas exchange between cowpea genotypes cultivated using different water conservation techniques. The experiment was conducted in the field in the city of Pombal, Paraíba, in order to study four treatments that use different water retention techniques (ridge, groove, basin and conventional system) applying six genotypes of cowpea bean (1. Costela de Vaca, 2. BRS Itaim, 3. BRS Guariba, 4. BR-17 Gurgueia, 5. BRS Potengi e 6. BRS Arace) sowing with 0.5 m x 0.5 m spacing between plants, using the randomized blocks design with four replications. Dry matter yield and gas exchange data were subjected to ANOVA, F test, followed by mean comparison tests, Tukey test. The groove and ridge cultivation techniques had better results than the basin and conventional techniques. The BRS- Potengi, BRS - Aracé e BRS - Guariba genotypes had better growth and gas exchange potential.

Este trabalho foi conduzido no laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró (ESAM). Avaliou-se a possibilidade de processar o melão como fruta cristalizada. Foram testadas as variedades Gália, Pele de Sapo e Orange Fresh, utilizando-se o processo lento de açucaramento, retirando-se as polpas em formas de bolas e colocando-as sucessivamente em soluções de sacarose a 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70º Brix até abrir a fervura, mantendo-se a polpa em repouso por 24 horas a cada solução de sacarose. Em seguida, os frutos foram colocados em uma estufa a 50ºC durante 6 horas, atingindo-se assim, a umidade final entre 26,16 a 27,53%. Foram determinados teor de umidade, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, e os produtos submetidos a uma análise sensorial. Constatou-se que a cristalização em melão foi tecnicamente viável, que a variedade Pele de Sapo foi a melhor aceita, e que não houve mudança na coloração da polpa das variedades.

The experiment was carried out in the Food Technology Laboratory of the Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró (ESAM), Mossoró-RN, Brazil to evaluate the possibility of processing the melon pulp as a crystallized fruit by using the us following melon varieties: Gália, Pele de Sapo, and Orange Flesh, utilizing the slow sugary process. The pulps were withdrawn in little ball form and put successively into sucrose solutions at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°Brix, until boiling, keeping them in inactivity for 24 hours in each solution. After that, the fruits were placed in a stove at 50°C during 6 hours, reaching final humidity between 26.16 and 27.53%. Evaluations for humidity content, pH and total soluble solids were made. In addition a sensorial analysis was made. It was observed that the melon crystallization was technically feasible. Pele de Sapo melon was the best in comparison to the other types. Changing in the melon pulp colouring was not observed.